The Role Of Government And Foreign Trade Policies Essay

The role that Government should play in trade policy has been long debated over the years and is constantly changing to keep up with the needs and wants of a country. International trade policies are vital to any countries prosperity, and more specifically the economic development. Trade Policy is a set of rules and guidelines that determine how a country acts towards another in regards to trade and global business whether it be through free-trade or protectionism. The Governments role in trade policies include regulation, allocation, distribution and stabilization although not only limited to just trade (Harding, 2016). Regarding the role of government specific to trade policy, government should be involved to a certain extent with the major decisions not just being made by one body or group. Through the idea of free trade with specific sectors in the industry adopting protectionism traits to safeguard their local goods and services will ultimately bring a country more economic grow th and stability. Overseas trade is very important to a countries economic well being. (Wilson, 2015). Trade policies are ultimately in place to allow countries to expand their local market through free trade or protect their local goods though protectionism. Protectionism is widely used throughout the world such as countries apart of the European Union (Barone Bendini, 2015). Protectionism helps limit imports and support exports, protecting local goods such as agriculture in New Zealand dueShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Foreign Policy On International Trade Essay1494 Words   |  6 Pagesfirst involvement of government in international trade, many people have posed their opinion about what the role of government should be in it. Different factors are involved when it comes to deciding what this should be. It impacts a lot of people, so in order to do that, trade policy must be properly defined, identify what the roles of government currently are, and their involvement in it, and then analyse what sh ould be their role. Trade policy is how a country carries out trade with other countriesRead MoreThe Impact Of International Trade Policy On New Zealand And Other Countries Essay1536 Words   |  7 Pages International trade policy is an important part of how the word does business and there is the underlying question about how it should be done and what part the government should play not just in New Zealand but around the world. New Zealand is a country that has great trade policies, these trade policies help create a great reputation for being free flowing and business friendly. Trade policy is defined as the laws around the exchange or goods between countries. In this essay, I will begin by discussingRead MoreAustralia: The Foreign Policy of the Hawke-Keating Government1501 Words   |  7 Pages The paradigm shift of Australian foreign policy from reliance on security through ‘‘great and powerful friends’’ towards the formation and strengthening of diplomatic and cultural relations with the Asia-Pacific region began arguably under the Whitlam government and has since become the predominant focus of foreign policy for both major parties. As a result, there exists a latent similarity in the foreign policy of successive Australian governments across the last 40 years that becomes more pronouncedRead MoreForeign Policy Is Shaped Based On The Best Interests Of The Country1600 Words   |  7 PagesForeign policy is shaped based on the best interests of the country. When establishing foreign policies, the focus will be on advancing the goals of the nation. Foreign policy guides how America conducts business as well as develops political, and social relations with other countries. National interests covers a wide array of topics from trade, to economics, to terrorism. When America was first established, the only goals was to prevent European dominance. Once Europe was prevented from colonizingRead MoreForeign Direct Investment Of India1718 Words   |  7 PagesForeign Direct Investment in India Foreign Direct Investment Foreign Direct Investment is the investment of a country domestic assets into foreign structures, equipment and organizations, but does not include investment into stock markets. Foreign direct investment reflects the objective of obtaining a lasting interest by a resident entity in one economy (direct investor) in an entity resident in an economy other than that of the investor (direct investment enterprise). The lasting interest impliesRead MoreChecks And Balances Essay1036 Words   |  5 Pageschecks and balances in the United States (US) Government was a goal achieved by dividing power into three governmental branches; legislative branch (Congress), executive branch (Presidency), and a judiciary branch. The power flows from the Judicial Branch to both Congress and Presidency and back again from both branches. The power also flows back and forth between Congress and the Presidency. According to Founder James Madison, they had to â€Å"enable the government to control the govern ed, and the next placeRead MoreImpact Of Trade Relations On International Trade1485 Words   |  6 Pagesdependant on international trade and the government plays a big role in this through forming their trade policy (Miller, 2010). In the past smaller countries have relied on trading with bigger nations, but in the mid-1960’s a lot of countries looked to pursue independence in their foreign policy. Even though we live in this new technological and global age, forming trade relations is vital to our economy. Every country has different trade policies which determine how trade occurs between themselvesRead MoreRole Of A Nation s Government Plays On International Competitiveness And Uses Theories Essay1616 Words   |  7 PagesNew trade theorist, Michael Porter, described the role of governments in international business as one of â€Å"catalyst and challenger† (Pettus Hemls, 2008). A nation’s government has the capacity to control international business handli ng through the implementation of policies, actions and affairs. This essay aims to discuss the role a nation’s government plays in their international competitiveness and uses theories such as protectionism, neo-mercantilism and Porter’s Diamond, as well as real lifeRead MoreDemocracy In Australia Essay1602 Words   |  7 PagesThe Australian government and other non-state actors like multinational businesses, the press media and tourists should remain vigilant when interacting or doing business in China. Australia has joined strong allies the US, Japan and other Europe to condemn Chinas human rights violation and its commitment to restore international order on the United National Human Rights Council (Wen, 2017). In the 21st Century Australia is lobbying to ensure everyone have the same rights, treatment, equality beforeRead MoreInternational Trade : The United States1461 Words   |  6 Pagesinternational trade to connect people, business and market. The economist emphasize about the international trade can increase the production of goods and service, increase the demand from the consumer in local or international, the diversification of goods and services and the stability in the supply and prices of goods and services. As a result, it becomes the main part of the international business and motivated countries to trade with borders. The United States implied the government intervention

Red Bull Marketing Research - 5380 Words

Executive Summary This report was written to assess the company Red Bull and their energy drink Red Bull Energy Drink, in a manner in which the market/industry, environment, competitors, customers, and the brand were all analysed by using secondary research. A SWOT analysis was also conducted. Through this research and analysing, it was found that Red Bull is the dominating leader in the energy drink market and sells the most units of its product worldwide. However the company does have close competitors in Monster Energy Drink and Rock star Energy Drink. Although Red Bull has massive internal strengths in being leader in the market share and sponsorship of events, it also has weaknesses in lack of innovation and diversity. Their†¦show more content†¦The consumption of caffeine can increase alertness, reaction speed, vigilance, the ability to concentrate and problem-solving ability; all the things Red Bull Energy Drink also claims to do (Red Bull 2013). Market/Industry Analysis 2.1 What market is your company competing in? Red Bull energy drink competes in the Non-alcoholic drink market which could be the overall Food and Beverage market. ‘Red Bulls target market is young, on the go, who enjoy extreme sports and live an active nightlife, anywhere from 18-35’(Swartz,Jon). 2.2 Quantify the size of the Australian market for your product in volume (000’s) and/or value ($000) terms. eg 500,000 units sold or $5,000,000 of value sold. Red bull is not the leading energy drink provider, but is number two with 36 percent of the Australian energy drink market (2010,popular energy drinks), the red bull company sold over 5 billion cans in 2012 and have sold over 35 billion since it started in 1987. 2.3 Describe the market’s growth potential Red bull has exceptional market growth, it is increasing its sale every year in a total of 5.226 billion cans of Red Bull were sold worldwide in 2012, representing an increase of 12.8% from 2011 with a price of around about $ 3.50 AUShow MoreRelatedRed Bull Marketing Research Essay2481 Words   |  10 PagesRed Bull- Final Report â€Å"Gives You Wings† Team 1: Amanda Laverman Chelsea Anderson Jake Jamison Jon Maeser Rachel Rimathe Background The Red Bull brand is an iconic worldwide model of how a company can create a powerhouse and a style of marketing that many traditional companies would never attempt. The company uses its extreme stunts and sponsorships of extreme sports to promote the brand and product and excel in a style that has attracted a younger generation with a main focus on teenagersRead MoreMarketing Research: Red Bull Strategy6213 Words   |  25 PagesExecutive Summary Red Bull is the pioneer in the energy drink category worldwide. Founded in 1984 by Dietrich Mateschitz in Austria, the product was formally launched in 1987. Mateschitz originally became aware of products called â€Å"tonic drinks†, which enjoyed wide popularity in Asia. He brought this effective product in Austria and developed a unique marketing strategy. The drink mainly targets young students and urban professionals. It is exclusively produced in Austria and then distributed aroundRead MoreRed Bull -- Research/Marketing Strategy3028 Words   |  13 PagesCompany Overview Red Bull, founded in 1984 by Deitrich Mateschitz and Chaleo Yoovidhya, is headquartered in Austria. In 2006, Red Bull generated over €2,6 billion (euros) in 2006 throughout the world with the help of its 3,903 employees. The origin of Red Bull dates back to 1962 where the original formula was developed by Chaleo Yoovidhya, a Thai businessman, and sold under the name Krating Daeng by a local pharmaceutical company to treat jetlag and boost energy for truck drivers. TheRead MoreMarketing Research on Red Bull Energy Drink in Vietnam Market1512 Words   |  7 PagesMarketing Research on Red Bull Energy Drink in Vietnam Market – World Essay 1 – Objective: Nowadays, energy drink’s becoming an important part in food market holding great number of consumer in the world as well as in Vietnam. Thinking about high energy drink branches, many customers think about a popular name: Red bull. How successful this branch is, the way they develop their mark and how was they cared in Vietnam’s market. Everything related with Red bull will explained in this research. 2 -Read MoreRed Bull: Building Brand Equity in a Non-Traditional Way1198 Words   |  5 PagesRED BULL: BUILDING BRAND EQUITY IN A NON-TRADITIONAL WAY BY: KAMARUL ARIFFIN NADHIRAH NOORAZLIN BINTI ANI INTRODUCTION 1985 Improves physical endurance Stimulates metabolism and helps eliminates waste substances Improves overall feeling of wellbeing Improves reaction speed and concentration Increase mental alertness Word-OfMouth Sampling Program Event Sponsorship Point-OfPurchase Athlete Endorser Advertisement Controlled All Aspects Of TheRead MoreAnalysis Of Red Bulls Marketing Strategy1590 Words   |  7 Pagessuch as McDonalds use a marketing approach that provides for segmentation of the consumer based on their culture and behavior. Understanding the various customer segments allows for McDonalds to target or position their products to appeal to those consumers. Another company that has grown its revenue through sales domestically and internationally is Red Bull. This document will review Red Bull’s marketing strategy and how it compares to their competitors. Red Bull marketing approach to target theirRead MoreThe Production Side Of Red Bull1600 Words   |  7 PagesOpportunities Red Bull has various opportunities for growth within its current state. One of the leading opportunities is the production side of Red Bull. If it expanded its production on a more regional basis, such as one in a North America, Europe, and Asia it would be a larger upfront cost, but, in the long run, would cut down shipping costs leading to higher profit margins. Another opportunity is expanding to the Asian market, According to Euromonitor, Asia has surpassed the United StatesRead MoreA Brief History Of Brand : Origins, Key Stages Of Its Growth1362 Words   |  6 PagesDietrich Mateschitz was a marketing exspert and on a business trip he came up with the idea for Red Bull. The idea was that it would be a drink that would cure jet lag. He put a team together to see if there was a market for this kind of product. His team returned with market research and said that there is no market for that kind of drink in the market place. His team also said that it would to difficult to go up against Coke and Pepsi. He decided not to listen to the Research and lanched the productRead MoreRed Bull, The Leading Producer And Pioneer For Energy Drinks Essay1685 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction For our Marketing Plan Project, we chose to research the company Red Bull, the leading producer and pioneer for energy drinks. Within this market, Red Bull offers functional beverages with the intention of boosting alertness and energy while relieving mental and physical stress. Our research will focus on Red Bull’s North American segment, as their beverage lines are mainly targeted towards this market, allowing us to bring more depth and analysis to our project. Immediate EnvironmentRead MorePrinciples of Economics - Red Bull1559 Words   |  7 Pages MIDDLESEX UNIVERSITY [pic] â€Å"Red bull gives you wings†, that is one slogan which is known by everyone. Origins of Red Bull can be witnessed as an Austrian Company working since 1987. In terms of market share, Red Bull is the most popular energy drink in the world (Red Bull, 2012). The creation of Red Bull was inspired by a Thai Company who used to make energy drinks in Thailand. Over the time, the popularity of Red Bull is increasing and approximately 4.5 billion cans are

Let American Consumer Counseling Help you Get Out Essay Example For Students

Let American Consumer Counseling Help you Get Out Essay GHB of Debt! GHB GHB, or gamma hydroxybutyrate, is a central nervous system depressant which can relax or sedate the body that is usually given in a clear liquid form that looks just like water and is usually found in small bottles, like empty Visine bottles, Gatorade bottles, or old water bottles. GHB can also come in the form of a light-colored power, which you mix into soda, alcohol, or water. GHB is relatively cheap, $5-$10 dollars a capful or teaspoonful, and the intoxicating effects usually takes place within 10 to 20 minutes, lasting up to 4 hours, depending on the amount of GHB taken. Theres very little information about GHBs effects on any one body type. A dose that might make a 150-pound girl high could kill a 300-pound man. And the dose that made you high yesterday might kill you today. Porrata, a rave drug specialist and former narcotics detective states. Some of the known side effects of GHB involve intoxication, talking, increased energy, happiness, desire to socialize, sensuality, possible nausea, enhanced sexual experience, feeling playful or affectionate, loss of gag reflex, loss of coordination due to loss of muscle tone, mild disinhibition, or the feeling of freedom; exposure, delusions, depression, dizziness, hallucinations, seizures, low blood pressure, slowed heart rate, or difficulty concentrating. Some of the more serious effects include amnesia, vomiting, respiratory problems, loss of conscienceness, being conscience but unable to move, rambling incoherent speech, sedation, disinhibition, giddiness, silliness, desire to sleep, passing out, and death, especially when GHB is mixed with alcohol or other drugs! Some of the slang words used for GHB are Grievous Bodily Harm, G, Liquid Ecstasy (its NOT ecstasy), Salty Water, Scoop, GBH-OH, Fantasy Water, Everclear, Great Hormones at Bedtime, Soap, Goop, Georgia Home Boy, Liquid X, GBH, Gamma-OH, Easy Lay, G-Riffick, Cherry Meth, Jip, the Date Rape Drug, and/or Organic Quaalude. GHB got the name the date rape drug because emergency room patients have been raped while intoxicated by the drug; had it slipped into their drink. It is very difficult for ER doctors to diagnose patients before its too late because GHB usually leaves the body within 12 hours. However, where as older GHB detection tests used to take several millimeters of urine and up to a days worth of lab testing, a new test had been developed which takes about 3 hours for results and only a few drops of urine. Unless youre intentionally taking GHB, protect yourself and others you are with by: Not excepting drinks from strangers. Not leaving your drink unattended while at a party or rave, or anywhere for that matter. Steering clear from open drinks, such as punch bowls. Stick to cans or bottles if youre going to drink. Be aware of GHB and know the signs; have a designated person watch you and if you, or anyone is feeling light-headed, dizzy, or feel as though your limbs are heavy, GET HELP! Particularly when milder symptoms get worse! Be weary of people who arent trust-worthy. The most common mistake made with intoxication of GHB is people neglecting to get help and believing a person who is sick will sleep it off they may never wake up if they arent treated., which is why over the last nine years, theres been an estimated 5,700 reported cases of people whove overdosed on GHB and 65 who have died. .

Katha Pollitt free essay sample

Katha Pollitt Gender roles are not always prominent in a child’s life. Sometimes their parents influence how a child will grow up and act due to the way that they teach them to be at such a young age. However, when it comes to Katha Pollitt’s article, I do agree with her when she states that feminism does have a â€Å"natural limit†. When the subject of a natural limit to feminism is brought up, the idea of where the influence of this comes from comes to my mind.When it comes to parental influence in a child’s life that ends up being a large factor as to how they grow up and act. For example, parents tent to feed into the general sexist roles such as the woman being in the kitchen most of the time and the father is always at work. The children see this and learn from it thinking this is how my life is supposed to be. We will write a custom essay sample on Katha Pollitt or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Also, parents tend to be the leading factor in gender roles because of the fact that that is how their lives are being lived.On top of parents being a large influence, the surrounding community also plays a big role in this. For example, when children go to birthday parties, as Katha Pollitt says in her article, when one mother brought her child to the other parent’s daughter’s birthday party and apologized for the Barbie Doll that she had purchased as a birthday gift. Also, when children are at the mall or at the park, they always see parents and adults around their living areas in their general sexist roles for society.When it comes to children, they tend to do what they see or copy those who are around them. Whether it is parents, friends, or adults around the community, they tend to do as they see not go by what they are told. Children learn by example, and if parents don’t want their children to feed into the typical gender roles then they shouldn’t be leading them by the example that they put forth with their gender roles.

Building Sentences With Absolute Phrases

Building Sentences With Absolute Phrases Among the modifiers that are used to add information to sentences, the absolute phrase may be the least common but one of the most useful. Identifying Absolute Phrases An absolute phrase is a word group that modifies an entire sentence. It consists of a noun plus at least one other word, as shown here: The hunters rested for a moment in front of the shack, their breaths white in the frosty air. The noun (breaths) that begins this absolute phrase is followed by an adjective  (white) and a prepositional phrase (in the frosty air). In addition to adjectives and prepositional phrases, adverbs and participles can also follow the noun in an absolute phrase. As the sentence above shows, an absolute phrase lets us move from a description of a whole person, place, or thing to just one or more parts: from hunters, for instance, to their breaths. Building and Arranging Absolute Phrases Consider how the sentence might be broken down into two sentences: The hunters rested for a moment in front of the shack.Their breaths were white in the frosty air. The second sentence can be turned into an absolute phrase simply by omitting the linking verb were. As we have seen, the absolute phrase may appear at the end of a sentence: The hunters rested for a moment in front of the shack, their breaths white in the frosty air. The absolute phrase may also appear at the beginning of the sentence: Their breaths white in the frosty air, the hunters rested for a moment in front of the shack. And occasionally an absolute phrase is positioned between the subject and verb: The hunters, their breaths white in the frosty air, rested for a moment in front of the shack. Notice that an absolute phrase, like a participle phrase, is usually set off from the rest of the sentence by a pair of commas. NEXT: Revising Sentences with Absolute Phrases

Periodicity Definition in Chemistry

Periodicity Definition in Chemistry Periodicity Definition In the context of chemistry and the periodic table, periodicity refers to trends or recurring variations in element properties with increasing atomic number. Periodicity is caused by regular and predictable variations in element atomic structure. Mendeleev organized elements according to recurring properties to make a periodic table of elements. Elements within a group (column)  display similar characteristics. The rows in the periodic table (the periods) reflect the filling of electrons shells around the nucleus, so when a new row begins, the elements stack on top of each other with similar properties. For example, helium and  neon are both fairly unreactive gases that glow when an electric current is passed through them.  Lithium and sodium both have a 1 oxidation state and are reactive, shiny metals. Uses of Periodicity Periodicity was helpful to Mendeleev because it showed him gaps in his periodic table where elements should be. This helped scientists find new elements because they could be expected to display certain characteristics based on the location they would take in the periodic table. Now that the elements have been discovered, scientists and students used periodicity to make predictions about how elements will behave in chemical reactions and their physical properties. Periodicity helps chemists predict how the new, superheavy elements might look and behave. Properties That Display Periodicity Periodicity can include many different properties, but the key recurring trends are: Ionization Energy  - This is the energy needed to completely remove an electron from an atom or ion. Ionization energy increases moving left to right across the table and decreases moving down a group.Electronegativity - A measure of how readily an atom forms a chemical bond.  Electronegativity increases moving left to right across a period and decrease moving down a group.Atomic Radius - This is half the distance between the middle of two atoms just touching each other. Atomic radius decreases moving left to right across a period and increases moving down a group. Ionic radius is the distance for ions of the atoms and follows the same trend. Although it might seem like increasing the number of protons and electrons in an atom would always increase its size, the atom size doesnt increase until a new electron shell is added. Atom and ion sizes shrink moving across a period because the increasing positive charge of the nucleus pulls in the electron shell.Electron Affinity - This is a measure of readily an atom accepts an electron. Electron affinity increases moving across a period and decreases moving down a group. Nonmetals usually have higher electron affinities than metals. The noble gases are an exception to the trend since these elements have filled electron valence shells and electron affinity values approaching zero. However, the behavior of the noble gases is periodic. In other words, even though an element group might break a trend, the elements within the group display periodic properties. If youre still confused or need additional information, a more detailed overview of periodicity is also available.

Response Paper Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Response Paper - Coursework Example Up to date a lot of research still show that railroad transport still remains as an imperative of the growth of many economies for example the when you follow the economic history of the in transport, you find that railroads transport has a lot of influence on the American development since most of the industrial developments, agriculture and even the settlement of the West would have not been possible without it. The problem with the viewpoint is that it gives imperative ideas that only demonstrate the associations that exists between the growth of the railroad network and the growth of the economy but fails to give an establishment of the causal relationship that exist between the railroad and the reorganization of the trade in various regions, the changes that are seen in the structure of the outputs or even other strategic changes that characterize the economy of America such as the rise in the per capita income. It also fails to establish the prima face that justifies the railroad as necessary conditions for any form of developments. The building and construction of such big network of transportation require a large starting capital that may take the form of large volumes of goods such as finances, iron, lumber and even other transport equipment. The particular relevance of the Morris Raphael was not only to the novelty of his viewpoint but on how he summarized the conclusion on for both who lived in the period of railroad revolution and those people who later analyzed it through the lens of past times. It means that it is cheaper to use the railroad means to transport freights that to use the canals or water since railroad can carry five times more than what the canals can carry. Though they provide the same service but railroad provides it at a lower cost to the buyers. The decisive advantage of the railroad over canals and

Global Operations Management at Nestle Case Study

Global Operations Management at Nestle - Case Study Example With its main headquarters in Vevey, Switzerland, the company has hundreds of branches all over the world. It has around 283,000 employees in 86 countries. It has 6,000 brands of a wide range of products such as coffee, chocolate products, infant foods, ice cream, confectionery, pet food, seasonings, bottled water, healthcare nutrition products as well as frozen and refrigerated foods. Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s objective is to â€Å"consolidate and strengthen its leading position at the cutting edge of innovation in the food area in order to meet the needs and desires of customers† (Vijaya, 2005). Due to the immense size of the company, in terms of market share and market presence, the issue of operations management is very important to the company. Its global success is dependent on how well operations are carried out to ensure that resources are well utilized and customers are pleased with the company’s products (Schwarz, 2002). Since Nestle deals with different suppliers in different locations, supply chain management is perhaps the most important aspect of operations management for the global company. Supply chain management is an important aspect is creating high-quality products in the most cost-effective way for the benefit of both the organization and the customer. Supply chain management is concerned with the oversight of information, materials, and finances used in the production of goods and services, right from the supplier, manufacturer, wholesaler, and retailer to the consumer. The process of supply chain management involves the coordination of and integration of this flow within and among companies. Assuming that the required products are available when needed then the ultimate goal of proper supply chain management is the reduction of inventory (Mentzer, 2001). Supply chain management can be divided into three main types of flows: product flow, information flow, and financial flow.  

Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature Essay Example for Free

Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature Essay T. C. Boyle’s â€Å"Carnal Knowledge† narrates about the life of Jim, his character and feelings. The use of irony indicates about the real life events and how Jim encountered them. Use of Irony shows how Jim faced tyranny and revealed about his character. Irony is used at different points in the story. Thesis: The use of Irony in this story depicts how man tries to gain love and other materialistic things in life but how events lead to misfortunes and undesirable results. Normally true relations never develop if they’re based on lies and fake attitude. The narrator describes about the meat in the supermarket and it is the first point when Irony is used. He desperately describes the delicious ways in which meat is consumed and an indication how he loves meat and he’s not a vegan. Jim is totally inclined towards the taste and not worried about how the animals are killed. In another instance irony is used when he meets with Alena and Alf. When Jim in out on dinner with Alena, again he had no meat to eat because of Alena’s involvement in animal protection. Irony usually results from person’s own faults in character. Alf peed on Jim. There is he met Alena. Appearance of Alf was another point of irony for him as the dog peed on him. Then later dog tried to attack on him. Jim is not very caring about animals. But when he meets Alena, he does care but not for animals but only for Alena and to prove to be ‘so good’ that he cares. Though he loved to eat meat but he decline to admit in front of Alena that he eat meat and pretended that he’s a vegetarian. It was his irony that he was deprived of having meat in meal in order to show Alena that he’s the same like her and she might got interested in him seeing all these characters. The narrator is also left in irony when he was in turkey farm. Irony was used at this point when Jim’s feelings were hurt as he was left in the farm. Jim tried to save turkeys. Though he did his best to become a good heroic image in the eyes of Alena, but still she did not pay any attention to him and cleared this point to him that there is â€Å"no’ relation between us and our purpose is only to save animals. While saving turkeys he felt more like hungry then wanting to save them. At farm Jim had to handle all the core tasks while his beloved was away with other cores. Though Jim tried to impress Alena with his lies but did not succeed. It was Alena’s love for animals and that’s for she cared. She never thought about meat and the taste. But Jim’s focus was meat and the taste it gives in different forms. Jim’s irony was that he never got what he wanted to be in Alena’s eyes. Conclusion In the â€Å"Carnal Knowledge† irony is used in terms that despite his all efforts to become so good in the eyes of Alena his endeavors were wasted. His character does not seem to be realistic. He lied to prove himself good. He was not really a good person but he tried to be good just to have more attention from Alena, and finally all his efforts were wasted. Works Cited T. C. Boyle’s â€Å"Carnal Knowledge† In Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature, Seventh Edition, p. 267

The Internet :: Web Technology Essays

The Internet When the Internet was developed in the 1960s, most of the world was unaware of the impact it would have on the world and our society within a relatively short period of time. In less than forty years, the World Wide Web has literally become the "Information Super Highway" as Al Gore so succinctly named it (Daly, 1998). With this massive influx of information through a web of interconnected networks have come problems and some solutions. The magnitude of data stored on the Web and the Internet brings about many questions regarding readability, currency, policies, validity, quality, reliability, moral issues, creditability, market appeal, and adequacy in the mechanics of language just to name a few. Except in technologically advanced circles of society, the Web was virtually unheard of prior to the wide availability of the Mosaic browser in 1993. At that time, the Web emerged nearly full-blown and was so successful that within a few months it was being used by millions of people (Maddux, 1998). As a result of this rapid growth of the Web, the quality of many websites today is poor. Maddux (1998) states that "standards for academic and other publishing of traditional media, like books, evolved over a period of centuries while the technical and distribution problems were being solved". The Web has not been afforded the luxury of having the component of time to develop standards for the information being published. Maddux (1998) believes that "Web quality seems to be declining, rather than improving". Often when a person searches for information through a Web search engine, he is inundated with incompetent web pages. It is difficult, time-consuming, frustrating, overwhelming, a nd sometimes impossible for an internet novice to find useful information. In turn, those using the web for educational fulfillment have to jump barriers just to find high-quality information. To remedy the problems with the Web, some guidelines need to be set forth and followed. Authors of web sites need to proofread and revise material for language and mechanics much as if they were writing a paper for their English class to be graded by a teacher. Web site authors should use common sense in deciding what and when to publish and should keep the published material up-to-date. Just as students should not turn in an unfinished assignment to a teacher, the author of a website should not publish unfinished pages or pages under construction.

Mercan System Inc.

The company was established in 1980 by Eugene Mercan and the first product was a desalinator. In 1996, the product line included desalinators, particle filters, ozonators, ion exchange resins, and purifiers. In 1996, sales revenues was almost $400 million (annual growth average 12% for past five years), with an expected profit close to $50 million. In 1999, water purifier was added to product line by using brand name â€Å"Delight†.The company has identified a market for its water purifier in developing countries where there is a huge, profitable and attractive market for clean water. Rahul Chatterjee, an International market liaison has been gathering information about the Indian market for home water purification devices. Statement of the Problem Mercan Systems would like to thrive in developing countries. They are seeking market entry elements and entry strategy to the Indian market for home purification devices.The entry strategies would then be compared with those of two other Mercan liaisons who focused on Argentina, Brazil, and Indonesia. Indian Market for Home Water Filtration and Purification The characteristics of this market is complex but Chatterjee found out that there are about four or five competitors in the market with only one or two companies in India’s 25 states. The market may be in its early growth stages and many Indians felt the need for improved water quality. Target Market 44million households comprising of: 40 million households of middle- and upper-middle-class households in the United States and the European Union †¢4 million households who had similar values and lifestyles In addition, 50% of our target market used boiling to make clean water, 40% of our target market used a mechanical device to improve their water quality while 10% of the target market owned neither a filter nor a purifier and seldom boiled their water. Market Segmentation Traditional Method for Home Water Purification: Boiling- Two to five liter s of water for 10 minutes, allow it to cool, and hen transfer it to containers for storage (often in a refrigerator). This procedure is cumbersome, time consuming, and ineffective in removing physical impurities and unpleasant odors. Before storage they will filter their boiled water through â€Å"candle filters†. Water can become recontaminated during handling and storage. Mechanical Methods for Home Water Filtration and Purification: Candle Filters -Low price depend on material (plastic, porcelain or stainless steel) and easy to use. Candle filters were slow, producing 15 liters (one candle) to 45 liters (3 candles).It is needed to be removed, cleaned, and boiled for 20 minutes. Price Rs. 350 to Rs. 1,100. Water Purifiers – These are better than Candle Filters. There are three steps, the first removed sediments, the second objectionable odors and colors and the third harmful bacteria and viruses. Price is Rs. 2,000 to Rs. 7,000. The remaining 10% of the target market owned neither a filter nor a purifier and seldom boiled their water. Strategic alternative courses of action: Market Entry Options 1)Whether to go to Licensing 2)Whether to go to Joint Venture )Whether to go to Acquisition 4)Do Nothing Decision Tree Factor to Consider 1)Qualitative information 2)Quantitative analysis 3)Recommendation Qualitative Information Foreign Investment in India Licensing: Involves supplying key purifier components and license fees will be calculated by per unit basis over the item of the agreement Joint Venture Company: Involves partnering with an existing Indian company and splitting profit equally. Acquisition: Involves purchasing an existing Indian company, then expand to include the water purifier with this arrangement.All profit will belong to Mercan Systems, Inc. Three Business Plans for Indian 1. Apply for market entry to the Foreign Investment Promotion Board, Secretariat for Industrial Approvals, Ministry of Industries. 2. Approval of any royalties and fees, remittances of dividends and interest by Reserve Bank of India, Ministry of Finance. 3. A consulting firm has assured Chatterjee that approval is â€Å"Virtually guarantee† by his consulting firm. Attractiveness of the Indian Market Tax Rates and Average Return on Assets: Corporate tax rates in India probably were somewhat higher than in the United States †¢The average return on assets for all Indian corporations in recent year was almost 18%, for United States corporations was about 11%. Delight Purifier: Uses a combination of technologies to remove four types of contaminants found in potable water: sediments, organic and inorganic chemicals, microbials or cysts, and objectionable tastes and odors. This technology is used to purify water to a level beyond WHO standards. There were two models that were countertop and wall-mount. Positioned as a quality productCompetitors There are many competitors though the three major competitors are: Eureka Forbes This is a Joint venture company between Electrolux (Sweden) and Forbes Cambell (India) which began operations in 1982. The company first brand name was â€Å"Aquaguard† (used ultraviolet rays to kill bacteria and viruses) with a price of Rs. 5,500 and second brand was â€Å"Puresip† (used polyiodide resin to kill bacteria and viruses) with unit price of Rs. 2,000. The company used 2,500 person salesforce (directly on households) to sell Aquaguard and independent dealers to sell Puresip Ion ExchangeThe company began operation in 1964, they use brand name was ZERO-B (Zero-Bacteria). The product ZERO-B purifiers uses a halogenated resin technology which helped prevent iodine deficiency diseases and permitted purified water to be stored up to eight hours without fear of recontamination. Consumer needs to replace the halogenated resin at a cost of Rs. 200 every year. Singer This is a company that might be a suitable partner to manufacture and distribute the Delight purifier. Singerâ €™s product contained nine stages (removed sediments, heavy metals, bad tastes, odors, and colors, killed bacteria and viruses, fungi, and nematodes).The product life of flow rate is at 3. 8 liters per minute was at 40,000 liters (4. 4years for 25 liters per day), but slower liters per minute was 70,000 liters (7. 6 years for 25 liters per day). They described their product as â€Å"state of the art† and singer was a well-known and respected brand name in India Other competitors include: The Delta – Is a carbon copy of Aquaguard, Alfa Water Purifiers, Symphony’s Spectrum, The Sam Group – is â€Å"Water Doctor† purifier, and lastly Batliboi Other Relevant Information about Competition †¢Sales volume of ZERO-B and Singer was around 60,000 units in 1996. Sales volume of Aquaguard and Puresip was 190,000 units. †¢More than 100 Indian companies made and marketed candle filters. †¢All of purifier sales came from large urban areas and o nly ten to fifteen percent of the entire Indian population could be reached. Pros & Cons of alternative means of entry Licensing Pros: There is relatively low risk and low cost associated with this alternative. Also there will be no need for Mercan to study India's culture Cons: Mercan will not have control over activities of Licensee and they may lose image Joint venturePros: Mercan will be actively involved and would have control over business activities Cons: High cost and high risk is involved. There will be low returns and long-term payback period Acquisition Pros: Cost savings and fewer local restrictions may come with this mode of entry Cons: High cost and high risk is involved Distribution Channel/ Place used by competitors Eureka Forbes: Uses 2,500 persons sales force and independent dealers. Ion Exchange: Uses door-to-door sales force and consumer advertising. Singer: Uses 3,000 independent dealers, 210 owned showrooms, and 400 salesmen.Product ; Price Product Positioning Activities of competitors Promotion: Eureka uses Television, newspaper and magazine advertising; Ion Exchange uses Television advertising while Singer uses television, newspaper, outdoor and transit advertising. Quantitative Analysis Licensing: –Capital cost of production facilities and equipment = $30,000 –Cost of office facilities and equipment = $5,000 –Annual fixed cost ranged between $15,000 – $40,000 –Average royalty = Rs. 300 –Total cost (min) = $30,000 + $5,000 + $15,000 = $50,000 –Total cost (max) = $30,000 + $5,000 + $40,000 = $75,000 Exchange rate is 1$ = Rs. 35 –B/E (min) = ($50,000 x 35) ? 300 = 5,834 units –B/E (max) = ($75,000 x 35) ? 300 = 8,750 units Joint Venture/ Acquisition- Four Regions (110,000Units) SkimmingPenetration DealersalesforceDealerSalesforce Initial InvRs. 8,000,000Rs. 8,000,000Rs. 8,000,000Rs. 8,000,000 Fixed CostRs. 7,000,000Rs. 14,000,000Rs. 7,000,000Rs. 14,000,000 ContributionRs. 650/ UnitRs. 500/unitsRs. 300/unitRs. 200/unit B/E Inv12,308units16,000 units26,667 units40,000 units B/E contribution10,770 units28,000 units23,334 units70,000units % market9. 79%25. 45%21. 21%63. 64% Total Contribution contribution*110,000)Rs. 71,500,000Rs. 55,000,000Rs. 33,000,000Rs. 22,000,000 Joint Venture/Acquisition- Two regions (55,000units) SkimmingPenetration DealersalesforceDealerSalesforce Initial InvRs. 4,000,000Rs. 4,000,000Rs. 4,000,000Rs. 4,000,000 Fixed CostRs. 4,000,000Rs. 7,200,000Rs. 4,000,000Rs. 7,200,000 ContributionRs. 650/UnitRs. 500/unitsRs. 300/unitRs. 200/unit B/E Inv6,154units8,000 units13,334 units20,000 units B/E contribution6,154 units14,400 units13,334 units36,000units % market11. 19%26. 18%24. 24%65. 45% Total Contribution (contribution*55,000)Rs. 35,750,000Rs. 7,500,000Rs. 16,500,000Rs. 11,000,000 Joint Venture/Acquisition- National Market (430,000units) SkimmingPenetration DealersalesforceDealerSalesforce Initial InvRs. 30,000,000Rs. 30,000,000Rs. 30,00 0,000Rs. 30,000,000 Fixed CostRs. 40,000,000Rs. 88,000,000Rs. 40,000,000Rs. 88,000,000 ContributionRs. 650/UnitRs. 500/unitsRs. 300/unitRs. 200/unit B/E Inv41,154units60,000 units100,000 units150,000 units B/E contribution61,539 units176,000 units133,333 units440,000units % market14. 31%40. 93%31%102. 3% Total Contribution (contribution*430,000)Rs. 279,500,000Rs. 215,000,000Rs. 129,000,000Rs. 6,000,000 Recommendation From both quantitative and qualitative analysis strategic focus on rural or smaller urban areas would not be wise, at least at the start. Cost of skilled labor in India was around Rs. 20 to Rs. 25. Mercan Systems Inc. should find an Indian partner. Joint Venture/ Acquisition using the skimming pricing strategy with dealers will be most profitable. Need to use promotion like TV commercial, magazines etc. The company can invest 1% of total contribution for promotion activities by using TV commercials and magazines (1% of 279,500,000= Rs. 2,795,000 advertising).

Magaret Thatcher

Margaret Thatcher: Optimism, self-confidence, honesty, integrity and drive are just a few traits that portray Margaret Thatcher. Her leadership style may be defined as a combination of an autocratic, transformational and charismatic leader. Nevertheless, her leadership style was mainly task oriented. What are her values? Margaret Thatcher considered herself to be a conviction politician. Her leadership was based on clear firmly held principles. Margaret Thatcher’s family and early education in Grantham played a major part in shaping her political beliefs. She was taught strong traditions of self-help, charitable work, and ethics. What make her a great leader? Margaret Thatcher was very influential in her leadership role. She had been tough, forthright, consistent and inspiring. She had empowered and motivated the citizens of Britain to purchase their homes in which they lived at a discounted price. Additionally, companies that the state initially owned were now owned by the community. Her intent was to change Britain from a dependent to a self-reliant society. Margaret Thatcher success of implementing the privatization policy of government assets had improved influential internationally. Moreover, Margaret Thatcher had a firm approached to policy making and exuded self confidence, which gained her the nickname â€Å"Iron Lady†. She was willing to act on her intuition and trusted her judgments. She accomplished her goals and was never afraid to stand up for her beliefs even if it made her unpopular. Despite her colleagues and experts objections, Margaret Thatcher was very confident in her decision making. In Britain, she was an autocratic leader who governed decision making. For instance, while the recession of the early 1980s intensified, she increased taxes, despite concerns expressed in a statement signed by 364 leading economists issued towards the end of March 1981. Margaret Thatcher prided herself of being in charge and winning the majority of her debates. She was very combative; fighting for what she believed was the right way to direct her country. Margaret Thatcher was committed to lessening the power of the trade unions, whose leadership she blamed for weakening parliamentary democracy and economic performance during industrial action. BBC news reported that, Margaret Thatcher â€Å"managed to destroy the power of the trade unions for almost a generation†. She demonstrated courage and positive attitude during the face of adversity. In 1984, Margaret Thatcher barely escaped injury in a PIRA assassination attempt at a Brighton hotel. However, she was adamant about delivering her speech the next day as scheduled, at the Conservative Party Conference. Margaret Thatcher was a transformational leader who inspired others and brought about significant change. Her intention was to lead Britain to greatness by overcoming the country’s economic and financial challenges. She privatized some nationalized industries and social programs, including education, housing, and health care. Britain’s economic upturn in the 1980s was due to Margaret Thatcher’s leadership. She also regained the Falkland Island from Argentina. She took a strong stand against the trade unions during the miner’s strike (1984-85), and moved Britain toward privatization, selling minor interest s in public utilities to the business interests. She also introduced â€Å"rate capping† which effectively took control of expenditures out of the hands of city councils, part of her policies aimed at reducing the influence of local governments. In 1989 she introduced the community poll tax. Where possible, sale of state assets took place through offering shares to the public, with generous terms for small investors. The Thatcher Governments presided over a great increase in the number of people saving through the stock market. They also encourage people to buy their own homes and to make private pension provision, policies which over time have greatly increased the personal wealth of the British population. Conclusion Margaret Thatcher was the first British Prime Minister in the twentieth century to win three consecutive terms. Serving as a transformational change agent, Ms. Thatcher tackle distorted public opinion and braved daunting unpopularity to implement reform. Showing an adept touch at choosing her issues carefully, and fighting battles that could be won, Ms. Thatcher established urgency, formed a strong vision backed by a guiding coalition and planned for short-term wins. Her greatest legacy is the degree to which she institutionalized her reform policies. Ms. Thatcher represented such a unique, decisive, unflinching character, with the ability to capitalize on circumstances and energy. _____________________________________ Bibliography Margaret Thatcher Foundation –margaretthatcher. org Wikipedia

AFRO-Americans Health hygiene Essay Example

AFRO AFRO-Americans Health hygiene Paper AFRO-Americans Health hygiene Paper This article by Hawthorne basically talks about how people have a tendency to take diabetes for granted. Diabetes can be a very serious disease. It effects more than 16 million Americans. Of these 16 million, 3 million are Blacks. Diabetes is the seventh-leading killer in America, and is the number one cause for blindness, kidney ailment and non-traumatic amputations in Blacks. One in four Black women over 55 and one in four Black between the ages 65 and 74 are affected by this disease. Diabetes is defined as the body’s inability to produce insulin. There are two major types of diabetes: insulin dependant, and non-insulin dependant. Non-insulin dependant is the most common in adults. African-Americans over 45, persons overweight, and those who have a history of this disease in their family are most at risk. Hawthorne then explains that doctors do not know why Blacks are more susceptible to this disease. They feel that heredity and diet have a great deal to do with it. The author then talks about how anyone over 45 should be tested at least once every three years. African-Americans should begin earlier and more frequently. These people should take care of themselves and watch out for the warning signs such as excessive thirst, extreme hunger and irritability, and unexplained weight loss. I feel that the author did a good job of explaining the causes and ways to prevent the disease. I felt that that he could do a better job of explaining or giving more reasons that African-Americans are more susceptible to diabetes. Hopefully in the future science can understand the reasons why this happens and come up with ways to prevent or help the effects of diabetes.

The History of the Olmec Site of La Venta

The History of the Olmec Site of La Venta The Olmec capital of La Venta is located in the city of Huimanguillo, in the state of Tabasco, Mexico, 15 kilometers (9 miles) inland from the Gulf coast. The site is perched on a narrow natural elevation approximately 4 km (2.5 mi) long which rises above the wetland swamps on the coastal plain. La Venta was first occupied as early as 1750 BC, becoming an Olmec temple-town complex between 1200 and 400 BC. La Venta was the primary center of the Olmec culture and likely the most important regional capital in non-Maya Mesoamerica during the Middle Formative period (approximately 800-400 BC). In its heyday, La Ventas residential zone included an area of ~200 hectares (500 acres), with a population numbering in the thousands. Architecture at La Venta Most of the structures at La Venta were built of wattle-and-daub walls placed atop earthen or adobe mudbrick platforms or mounds  and covered with a thatched roof. Little natural stone was available, and, apart from the massive stone sculptures, the only stone used in public architecture was a few basalt, andesite and limestone foundational support or internal buttresses. The 1.5 km (~1 mi) long civic-ceremonial core of La Venta includes over 30 earthen mounds and platforms. The core is dominated by a 30 meter (100 foot) high clay pyramid (called Mound C-1), which has been heavily eroded  but was likely the largest single building at the time in Mesoamerica. Despite the lack of native stone, La Ventas artisans crafted sculptures including four colossal heads from massive blocks of stone quarried from the Tuxtla Mountains approximately 100 km (62 mi) to the west. The most intensive archaeological investigations at La Venta were conducted in Complex A, a small group of low clay platform mounds and plazas within an area of about 1.4 hectares (3 acres), located immediately north of the tallest pyramidal mound. Most of Complex A was destroyed shortly after the excavations in 1955, by a combination of looters and civic development. However, detailed maps of the area were made by the excavators and, due primarily to the efforts of archaeologist Susan Gillespie, a digital map of the buildings and construction events at Complex A has been made (Gillespie, Gillespie, and Volk). Read more on Complex A at La Venta Subsistence Methods Traditionally, scholars have attributed the rise of Olmec society to the development of maize agriculture. According to recent investigations, however, the people at La Venta subsisted on fish, shellfish and terrestrial faunal remains until about 800 BC, when maize, beans, cotton, palm and other crops were grown in gardens on relict beach ridges, called tierra de primera by maize farmers today, perhaps fueled by long-distance trade networks. Killion (2013) conducted a survey of paleobotanical data from several Olmec period sites including La Venta. He suggests that the initial founders at La Venta and other Early Formative sites such as San Lorenzo were not farmers, but rather were hunter-gatherer-fishers. That dependence on mixed hunting and gathering extends well into the Formative period. Killion suggests that the mixed subsistence worked in the well-watered lowland environments, but that a wetland environment was not suited to intensive agriculture. La Venta and the Cosmos La Venta is oriented 8 degrees west of north, like most Olmec sites, the significance of which is obscure to date. This alignment is echoed in Complex As central avenue, which points to the central mountain. The central bars of each of La Ventas mosaic pavements  and the four elements of the quincunxes in the mosaics are positioned at intercardinal points. Complex D at La Venta is an E-Group configuration, a specific layout of buildings identified at over 70 Maya sites and believed to have been designed to track movements of the sun. Archaeology La Venta was excavated by members of the Smithsonian Institution, including Matthew Stirling, Philip Drucker, Waldo Wedel and Robert Heizer, in three major excavations between 1942 and 1955. Most of this work was focused on Complex A: and the finds from that work were published in popular texts and La Venta quickly became the type site for defining the Olmec culture. Shortly after the 1955 excavations, the site was badly damaged by looting and development, although a brief expedition did retrieve some stratigraphic data. Much was lost in Complex A, which was torn up by bulldozers. A map of Complex A made in 1955 formed the basis for digitizing the field records of the site. Gillespie and Volk worked together to create a three-dimensional map of Complex A, based on archived notes and drawings and published in 2014. The most recent archaeological studies have been undertaken by Rebecca Gonzlez Lauck at the Instituto Nacional de Antropologà ­a e Historia (INAH). Sources Clark JE, and Colman A. 2013. Olmec Things and Identity: A Reassessment of Offerings and Burials at La Venta, Tabasco. Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association  23(1):14-37. doi: 10.1111/apaa.12013 Gillespie S. 2011. Archaeological Drawings as Re-Presentations: The Maps of Complex A, La Venta, Mexico. Latin American Antiquity  22(1):3-36. doi: 10.7183/1045-6635.22.1.3 Gillespie SD, and Volk M. In press. A 3d model of Complex A, La Venta, Mexico. Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage (in press). doi: 10.1016/j.daach.2014.06.001 Killion TW. 2013. Nonagricultural cultivation and social complexity (with commentary). Current Anthropology 54(5):596-606. doi: 10.2307/276200 Pohl MD, and von Nagy C. 2008. The Olmec and their contemporaries. In: Pearsall DM, editor. Encyclopedia of Archaeology . London: Elsevier Inc. p 217-230. doi: 10.1016/B978-012373962-9.00425-8 Reilly FK. 1989. Enclosed ritual spaces and the watery underworld in Formative period architecture: New observations on the function of La Venta Complex A. In: Robertson MG, and Fields VM, editors. Seventh Palenque Round Table. San Francisco: Pre-Columbian Art Research Institute. Rust WF, and Sharer RJ. 1988. Olmec Settlement Data from La Venta, Tabasco, Mexico. Science 242(4875):102-104. doi: 10.1126/science.242.4875.102

HRD #468 Definition Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

HRD #468 Definition Assignment - Essay Example The TQM processes have four division; do, check, plan and act. As a current e-business focus, TQM base on quality management from the consumer’s point of view (Hoyle, 2007). According to Rawlins (2008), enhancing quality has become organization-wide effort as the business maximization globalization underscores the continuous improvement necessity. TQM is no longer the sole quality engineers, process engineers, product designers, and other specialists concern. The human resource management (HRM) role has a significant role to play in developing the entire organization’s quality (Hoyle, 2007). HRM can jumpstart TQM process through serving as a role model in the performance of two important tasks; contributing to the business processes and providing customer-oriented service. Thus, the human resource development (HRD) and TQM relate as HRD promotes organization’s quality through HR functions as training and development, recruitment and selection reward systems and performance evaluation. Hence, the human resource functions help to improve the product and services quality; hence linking to TQM aim of enhancing the quality of services and produ cts through ongoing

Research in public policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research in public policy - Essay Example The first can be an assessment of the situation based on scientific method of investigation. The second method can be based on observation wherein the person does not make use of systematic process to make a generalization. In real life, there are other ways to find solutions to problems. Sometimes, even gut feel or intuition is used as a method in finding answers to queries. In some areas in the east, people rely on the wisdom of old people to answer most of the complex problems in life. To summarize the above definitions, research then is a method of inquiry for the purpose of obtaining facts in response to questions raised (Bautista, 1998). Bautista further added that research differs from other modes of knowing in the sensed that it is a systematic process of gaining information or knowledge. It is more that intuition, gut feel or tradition. 3) It is precise. Research usually aims at estimating the exact count of the event that has occurred or may yet occur. Statistics are helpful since the thrust is to quantify the incidence of the event being observed. However, there are instances when accuracy is not possible, especially if the objective of the research is mainly to characterize what is happening and not really to determine the frequency of the event. 6) Observations are usually undertaken under controlled conditions. ... 3) It is precise. Research usually aims at estimating the exact count of the event that has occurred or may yet occur. Statistics are helpful since the thrust is to quantify the incidence of the event being observed. However, there are instances when accuracy is not possible, especially if the objective of the research is mainly to characterize what is happening and not really to determine the frequency of the event. 4) Observations are recorded. Research necessitates the documentation of observations with the aid of instruments such as questionnaires, tape recorders for interviews, and many more. 5) Observation follows the rule of objectivity. Observations must not be influenced by personal preferences, prejudices, biases, attitudes, and feelings. 6) Observations are usually undertaken under controlled conditions. Researchers aspire to eliminate other factors or variables that might intrude into the observation of the major factors of variables that are being investigated. PURPOSES AND USES OF RESEARCH Any research, if correctly designed and undertaken, will build knowledge because it represents an objective investigation of facts about a certain subject (http://www.ryerson.ca/mjoppe/ResearchProcess/WhyConductResearch.htm). Research gathers facts that help people such as policy makers make decisions. A research becomes significant when it is used to show the interrelatedness of a variety of concepts and not simply describes how events take place. Research then is both fact-finding and theory building. According to Cresswell (994), "a theory is an interrelated set of constructs (or variables) formed into propositions or hypotheses that specify the relationship among variables (typically in terms of magnitude or direction). The

Manging Capability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Manging Capability - Essay Example China’s involvement with Bahrain is intriguing, especially because China sees companies such as MENA Telecom as key to a burgeoning market in the Middle East. This Chinese influence regarding telecommunications will be discussed here. Introduction Gutenberg’s invention of the printing press has caused vast changes in information sharing especially during the age of industrialization. Just as the printing press changed the way books, and thus knowledge, were disseminated, the Internet has also had a large impact on the way people communicate in this age. The youngest among the different forms of media present in this time, the Internet has rapidly evolved into one of the most popular media that has changed the way people all over the world share information. In a research by Anmuth et. al for the Lehman Brothers Internet Data Book (2008)1, the Internet ranked second with radio among the most utilized media, both garnering 19% behind television’s 33% consumption sh are. ... Wave 3 (2008)2, a global study by Universal McCann on the Internet as a social medium, identified the most popular activities that Internet users do when they log online. These activities range from watching and uploading videos online, reading and updating blogs and maintaining accounts on social networking sites. These activities changed media users from mere passive audiences, to producers of information. Thus, it is safe to assume that the Internet and other forms of electronically-mediated communications are a staple of everyday life.3 However, one of the biggest untapped markets for the development of the Internet is China. Studies reveal that there have been a rapid growth in Internet user in the People's Republic. From 670,000 Internet users in 19974, Chinese citizens who logged onto the Internet increased to 2.1 Million in just two years.5 A decade ago, a report by the China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC) revealed the Internet statistics of the country: 8.92 mil lion computers that can access the Internet used by 22 million users.6 The report also identified 265, 405 sites and domains with Internet suffixes such as .org, .cn or .com.7 Internet-based businesses have turned their efforts towards penetrating the vast Chinese market. In 2000, China generated U.S. $9.32 billion in E-commerce revenue with U.S. $9.27 billion of this coming from business to business transaction and the remaining U.S. $47.1million from everyday Internet consumers.8 And with China's Internet population reaching 384 million by the end of 2009 and increasing to 420 million9 by the middle of 2010, these numbers reinforce analysts' claim that China is the next lucrative Internet and mobile market in the world, surpassing even both Europe and the United

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example for Free

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is the idea that businesses conduct business practices for the social good while they pursue economic goals. It refers to operating a business in such a manner that all social environmental impacts that are created are then accounted for. Both market and nonmarket stakeholders expect businesses to be socially responsible. (Business and Society) It is a commitment to developing policies that integrate responsible business practices into daily operations, and to report on the progress made toward the implementation of these practices. (As you sow, 2011) So why is this so important? Some see this work as charity, philanthropy, or an allocation of resources that could better be donated by shareowners themselves, but to us, it is a vital investment in our future, essential to our top-line and bottom-line business success. Dunn, Hewlett Packard Senior Vice President for Global Citizenship Richard Murphy references a study, done in 2003 of buyer/supplier relationships, in his article â€Å"why doing good is good for business.† The study found a strong correlation between trust and procurement costs. The least trusted buyers in the study incurred procurement costs that were five times higher than the cost of most trusted buyers.† This statement alone shoes the value of social responsibility and how it now only impacts consumers views on the company but the relationships firms foster with suppliers. It is simply good for business. Throughout this report we will evaluate the importance of CSR and how it affects the firm and the impact the firm has on the community from and environmental perspective. A study performed in 2003, by researchers at the university of Iowa, evaluating the relationship between corporate social responsibility and firm performance; concluded â€Å"Corporate virtue, in the form of social responsibility and, to a lesser extent, environm ental responsibility is likely to pay off.† 1 After all it green is the color of money. It pays to go green this day in age. Going Green: Environmental Considerations Deseret Digital Media, also referred to as DDM, is an online internet conglomerate in the intermountain west. Being a media company, I’m sure much like others, environmental consideration are certainly a thought but not highly acted upon due to the â€Å"minimal† impact that online media has to the environment. While DDM has a strong company mission and culture, in which they excel and positively impact the community, they do little in means of protecting the environment. They are constantly in the public eye in their operation area due to their user base which leads me to believe that going â€Å"green† would only be a beneficial think for business. be good for business. Mark Orlitzky, Frank Schmidt, and Sara Rynes, â€Å"Corporate Social and Financial Performance: A Meta-analysis,† Organization Studies, 2003, pp. 403–41. Also investigating this issue are Marc Orlitzky and John D. Benjamin, â€Å"Corporate Social Performance and Firm Risk: A Meta-analytic Review,† Business Society, 2001, pp. 369–96; and for a contrarian view see Idris Mootee, â€Å"The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility—From Creating Customer Goodwill to Influencing Social Standards,† Futurelab, blog.futurelab.net/2008/12. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS We only have one earth, and one ecosystem. We each need to do our due diligence in protecting that ecosystem. Understanding the earth’s carrying capacity, how fast resources are being used and what we are doing to change that, can only positively affect our world ecosystem. Damaging any part of the ecosystem in one area can affect others in other parts of the world. (Lawrence Weber, 2010) Now human activity affects three major forms of natural resources; water, air and land. (Lawrence Weber, 2010) Deseret Digital Media can actively improve business practices and protocols to reduce the company’s impact on the usage of those three natural resources. Areas of impact below include but are not limited to: Water Resources: 3% of the water on earth is actually fresh. Only about one-tenth of 1 percent of the Earth’s water is in lakes, rivers, and accessible underground supplies, and thus available for human use. Water is, of course, renewable: Moisture evaporates from the oceans and returns to Earth as freshwater precipitation, replenishing used stocks. But in many areas, humans are using up or polluting water faster than it can be replaced or naturally purified, threatening people and businesses that depend on it. Humans are consuming/using water faster than it can be replaced or naturally purified, threatening those who depend on it. (Lawrence Weber, 2010) ï‚ § Considerations: DDM currently does nothing to maintain their water consumption. Currently the only consumption that is taking place is human usage by means of drinking water and restroom usage. Might not seem like a significant amount of consumption however; simple math, 100 employees x 64 ounces of drinking water = 6,400 ounces of water a day. While drinking water should not be regulated there are other ways to regulate water usage. ï‚ § Recommendations: A very simple concept used in all places, the restroom, can minimize water consumption quite significantly. Reducing the amount of usage by installing flushometeres. The current standard specifies that flushometers use no more than 1.6 gpf, though many manufacturers are shooting for 0.8 gpf (3 liters) 2. Urinals are also improving: The U.S. Department of Energys standards for urinals are currently at 1 gpf (3.8 liters)3. An important water-saving feature of commercial flushometers is that they can be designed to let users push a handle in one direction for liquid waste and another direction for solid waste. The latter would trigger a full flush while the former would trigger a partial flush. This dual-flush technology is becoming common other parts of the developed world, including the U.K. and Australia, though it has yet to become as popular in the United States. With wider use of these features, water efficiency is expected to improve for all toilet types. (Cancio, 2009) Air Pollutants/Energy Consumption: According to the American Lung Association (ALA) an estimate in 2008 reported that 125 million Americans, or 42 percent of the population, were breathing unsafe air for at least part of each year. (Lawrence Weber, 2010) This has to do with the pollutants that are being emitted into the air we are forced to breath. A major contributor the unsafe air and even more concerning; a major factor of Global Warming is the burning of fossil fuels that releases carbon dioxide. Not only do fossil fuels affect the air they also account for a huge percentage of the world’s energy source. 85% of the energy in the United States comes from fossil fuels by way of combustion of coal, oil and natural gas. (Lawrence Weber, 2010) Kohler. Power Lite Technology. (accessed December 11, 2009)http://www.us.kohler.com/tech/products/why_powerlite.jsp U.S. Department of Energy. Best Management Practice: Toilets and Urinals. Federal Energy Management Program. July 2009. (accessed December 16, 2009)http://www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/program/waterefficiency_bmp6.html Unfortunately the unlike water fossil fuels are nonrenewable energy sources. Even more concerning is that for every one barrel discovered for every three or four consumed. ((Lawrence Weber, 2010) 10) ï‚ § Considerations: When it comes to air pollution DDM luckily doesn’t have to worry about it as much, as say, a manufacturing facility. What needs to be considered more in depth is the amount of energy being used on daily basis. Being an internet company and hosting six websites 24/7, requires multiple servers and in turn a high consumption of energy. Along with traveling from coast to coast and using fossil fuel resources there are a few small â€Å"green† concepts that can be applied to reduce the amount energy being used. Deseret Digital Media has mentioned upgrading the hosting servers to protect the sensitive content, as well as, an energy saver. Recommendations: Something as simple as encouraging each employee to put their computers in an energy saving mode, turning computers in sleep mode or shut down when leaving for the evening. Updating IT equipment, and using energy saving light bulbs, are small changes that can make a sustainable difference. Land Waste: The United States produces an astonishing amount of solid waste, adding up to almost five pounds per person per day. Of this, 46 percent is recycled, composted, or incinerated, and the rest ends up in municipal landfills4. (Lawrence Weber, 2010) ï‚ § Considerations: While 46% is quite a large percentage there is more that can be done to protect the environment. Currently DDM has a small recycling program that is not widely publicized. While it is a great concept more needs to be done in order to encourage employees to use such programs. ï‚ § Recommendations: While having a small recycling program is a great concept more needs to be done encouraging employees. Posting flyers around the office, ensuring everyone is aware of the recyclable materials. DDM has numerous soda fountains throughout the building for their employees. Currently the drinking cups provided are Styrofoam that get thrown away regularly. Offering employees reusable hard plastic cups will help reduce the company’s carbon footprint and the amount of waste that is admitted into local landfills. ETICAL LEADERSHIP CONSIDERATIONS In simple terms what are ethics and how do they play a role in business? Ethics is a conception of right and wrong conduct. It tells us whether our behavior is moral or immoral and deals with fundamental human relationships—how we think and behave toward others and how we want them to think and behave toward us. Ethical principles are guides to moral behavior. (Lawrence Weber, 2010) Business ethics derive from the same moral compass. This generalized human trait is applicable to business and their ethical ideas and behavior within an organization. All areas of business, accounting, marketing and IT have to follow a certain standard of ethical considerations in operations. For this report in particular we will focus of ethical leadership and how they play a role in our green effort, with regards to social responsibility. Institutionalizing a code of ethics and ethical safeguards are grounds for encouraging environmental ethical performance. Institutionalizing a code of ethics encourages our employees to align with the company’s â€Å"green† mission (an articulation of our goals) and our societal obligations. By creating a strong code of ethics we are establishing expected behaviors among employees. Environmental Protection Agency, â€Å"Municipal Solid Waste in the United States: 2007 Facts and Figures,† www.epa.gov/epawaste. ethical behavior is extremely important because it will help to ensure that employees have predefined expectations of in office behavior and guidelines to follow in all functional areas of operation, as well as the companies green efforts. In the first line of the written mission statement form Deseret Digital Media (2012) it states, â€Å"The mission of Deseret Digital Media is to become the trusted digital voice in all of the markets we reach. This goal is part of our broader corporate mission to become â€Å"trusted voices of light and knowledge, reaching hundreds of millions people.†Ã¢â‚¬  They are trying to accomplish what any company is hoping to do as well, be a trusted place to come to for your product, service or information. To develop a strong presence in the market by adhering to the green policy suggested above, DDM can have a much greater impact on their local market. As much as it pays to be green, ethics pays as well. Below review the ethical leadership recommendations for each environmental issue discussed above. Water Resources: The water conservation suggestion presented above is a little bit more detailed and requires many parts in order to implement. To start management will need to get with building maintenance and even determine if this is possible to make such a change to the plumbing. From there the implementation process will take some time and patience leaving many toilets out of commission for a time. After the conversion process has been completed a company meeting will need to be held regarding how the new toilet process will work. It wont need to be in depth just a quick overview is needed and the importance and positive impact it will have on the community. Air Pollutants/Energy Consumption: With the recommendation above: Something as simple as encouraging each employee to put their computers in an energy saving mode, turning computers in sleep mode or shut down when leaving for the evening. Updating IT equipment, and using energy saving light bulbs, are small changes that can make a sustainable difference. A lot can be done by management’s actions. If management isn’t shutting down at the end of the night, and we have outdated equipment what makes employees inclined to want to save our resources. Leading by example and have management place their computers in an energy saving mode and sending a interoffice memo encouraging employees to do the same thing will definitely help reduce the amount of energy being consumed by DDM in a daily basis. As for updating the servers to be more energy efficient DDM is one step ahead of the game. They VP of Technology realized what an impact that would make and this suggestion is currently in process. Land Water: Since DDM has a tiny recycling program with limited recycling stations it would be suggested that management offer individual recycling bins to be stationed at each individuals workstation. This way it is more accessible/convenient for employees to recycle certain materials as opposed to throwing them into a waste bin, which will eventually be deposited into one of the nations landfills. This small step can mean great things for reducing the company’s carbon footprint. We want to accomplish just that by allowing consumers to feel safe buying our product and letting their children play with it. Their stakeholders are those who use media on a daily basis, while ours are children and parents of children who buy/use our toy collections. â€Å"All Deseret Media Companies are owned by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. That ownership comes with a significant amount of trust and an expectation that we will align our actions to honor our owner. We want to work hard to demonstrate that we value our users and our marketplaces as well. To paraphrase the founder of largest the social media network in the world, We don’t create communities, they already exist. We know we have to earn the trust of the communities and individuals who choose to use our products. We are not perfect, but we want you to know that Deseret Digital is always working†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Deseret Digital, 2012) We need to align our actions much like Deseret Digital Media is order to grow a successful business and maintain employee and customer satisfaction. MEASURING SUSTAINABILITY TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE Now that we have a solid suggestion for the implementation of our green movement, we need to ensure that it â€Å"makes sense† for the company. Not only in a socially responsible manner but also from a fiscal stand point. A common and effective way to measure environmental impact compared to the company’s financials is known as Triple Bottom Line Accounting (TBL). Triple Bottom Line is a concept that was first coined by John Elkington of SustainAbility in 1994, and it referred to the interrelated goals of economic prosperity, environmental quality, and social justice. He developed the TBL concept in context of the growing concern centered around sustainability. TBL added the social dimension to the corporate sustainability framework which had previously focused mostly on businesses’ environmental impacts. The next year, SustainAbility developed the 3P (People, Planet, Profits) formulation of the TBL. Elkingtons 1997 book, Cannibals with Forks: The Triple Bottom Line of 21st Century Business, helped launch the concept of the TBL among corporate leaders. (McNulty , 2012) The TBL concept provided a means of incorporating sustainability concerns within the traditional accounting framework familiar to and accepted by corporate managers. While there is no universally accepted means of practicing TBL accounting and reporting, the TBL framework is widespread in the business world. A 2008 survey by KPMG of the 250 largest companies in the world found that nearly 80 % of them issued corporate sustainability reports and that the large majority (77 %) of the companies reporting did so using the TBL standards developed by the Global Reporting Ini tiative (GRI). (McNulty , 2012) This concept enables the organization to effectively assess sustainability movements and performance. Furthermore the metrics provide managers with feedback to make more informed decision and displays a picture for employees to see exactly hoe their green efforts contribute to corporate sustainability goals. When making a decision to use the TBL the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) is a great way to benchmark performance indicators for all three aspects; people, planet, and profits. The â€Å"people† component of the TBL refers to the social aspects of the an organization’s activites and impacts. In short it is meant to gauge the organizations impacts on and relations with its own employees, its suppliers and contractors, the communities within which the organization operates, and the organizations customers or clients. (McNulty , 2012) Since this is much harder to determine the social impact the ‘people’ component is slightly less developed so we aren’t going to focus too much on that. Compare to the ‘people’ aspect, with the â€Å"planet† component it is easier to measure environmental impacts. (McNulty , 2012) There are many metrics that contribute to the performance indicators used in the GRI. For the purposes of corporate sustainability, the Profits component of the TBL takes a broader view of an organizations economic impacts and evaluates the activities and impacts of a firm with respect to a wider array of stakeholders than just the firms owners. (McNulty , 2012) Below is an example of TBL principles: PowerStar, an electric utility company, is considering making an investment in a new power plant and is evaluating several options that use different technologies and would be located at different appropriate sites. The technologies being considered use different fuels and require different capital and labor inputs for construction and ongoing operations. In the past, PowerStar focused primarily on the financial returns associated with the different options. The firm has now adopted the TBL framework and is using a project evaluation matrix. This matrix evaluates how projects can be evaluated and trade-offs identified in terms of economic, social, and environmental impacts.

Kidneys :: essays research papers

Kidneys   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In vertebrates, kidneys are the two major organs of excretion. Excess water, toxic waste products of metabolism such as urea, uric acid, and inorganic salts are disposed of by kidneys in the form of urine. Kidneys are also largely responsible for maintaining the water balance of the body and the pH of the blood. Kidneys play important roles in other bodily functions, such as releasing the erythropoietin protein, and helping to control blood pressure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kidneys are paired, reddish-brown, bean-shaped structures. They are about eleven centimeters long. Kidneys are located on each side of spine, just above the waist. They are loosely held in place by a mass of fat and two layers of fibrous tissue. It is believed that the kidney first evolved in the original vertebrates where freshwater organisms needed some means of pumping water from the body. The kidney became adept at reabsorbing glucose, salts, and other materials which would have been lost if simply pumped out of the body by a simple organ.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The cut surface of the kidney reveals two distinct areas: the cortex- a dark band along the outer border, about one centimeter in thickness, and the inner medulla. The medulla is divided into 8 to 18 cone-shaped masses of tissue named renal pyramids. The apex of each pyramid, the papilla, extends into the renal pelvis, through which urine is released from the kidney tissue. The cortex arches over the bases of the pyramids (cortical arches) and extends down between each pyramid as the renal columns.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Urine passes through the body in a fairly complex way. The initial site of urine production in the body is the glomerus. The arterial blood pressure drives a filtrate of plasma containing salts, glucose, amino acids, and nitrogenous wastes such as urea and a small amount of ammonia through the glomerus. Proteins and fats are filtered out of the plasma, to remain in the normal blood stream. The plasma is now called glorular filtrate. One-hundred to one-hundred-forty milliliters of this filtrate are formed each minute!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The filtrate passes along a convoluted tibule. The majority of the water content and some of the dissolved materials are reabsorbed through the walls of the tibule and back into the blood. Water, sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, and all glucose are reabsorbed into the bloodstream, yet products such as urea and ammonia remain in the tibule. During the final stage of the passage process, most of the remaining filtrate is selectively reabsorbed until only about one percent of the original filtrate is to be excreted as urine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Urine is eventually collected in the kidneys. The urine is collected in

Books Were an Important Part of Life in the Late 18th Century Essay

Learning is one of important processes in human being life. It is self-evident that human development cannot stand without a proper learning. Since Learning provides unlimited Benefits, people should learn and experience it. The Reading is being reimagined over the time period. I’ll discuss about it later in this section. There are several ways that promotes Learning such as Books, electronic books, Movies, Periodicals such as Magazine, journals or Newspapers and Audio/Visual clips. Nowadays Libraries plays a critical role on keeping the Books alive due to the invention Mass media communications. I’ll talk further about this later in this section. Let’s take a closer look about Books. The book is one of the valuable sources of knowledge that provided numerous benefits, such benefits are it takes us into different worlds and cultures and it helps to learn other languages as well. So, we can tell that a book can be a truthful friend which helps to learn how to behave in practical life. Books cover different genres such as Comedy, Drama, Romance, Adventure, fiction etc. Director General of UNESCO addressed 1972 as the â€Å"International Book Year† and taking â€Å"Booking for all† as their Motto. UNESCO organizes a yearly event called â€Å"World Book day or International Day of the book† on 23th April every year worldwide to promote Reading, Publishing and Copyright. So we can understand How Important it is Reading in a life of Mankind. It was first celebrated on 23th April 1995. Writing believed to be developed between the 7th millennium BC and 4th millennium BC in china. Ancient people used to write using stones but wood was the first medium to write in the actual form of Book. From time to Time, the new technology inventions played vital part in the World. The Cambridge University Press was founded in 1534 and the first book was printed in 1583. Also the first press was founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts one of the North American British colonies in the year of Year 1639. Then first North American Public library was founded in Boston in the year of 1653. Eighteenth Century Americans were mainly interested in reading books about practical arts, religious and the politics as well. American does have a long tradition on reading habits since long back. Thus they are proved to be improved in vocal, public expressions both towards and against throughout reading skills. Novels are the entertaining seldom read by Americans in the 18th century. The nation’s first novel was published in the late 18th century. The first two novels to be published were Digges’ â€Å"Adventure of Alonso† and Brown’s â€Å"The power of Sympathy†. Women were also contributed to the success of Novels, Such writers were Susuana Rowson for her novel â€Å"Charlotte: A tale of truth†. This navel was re-issued under the title of Charlotte Temple, which sold more than million and half copies. The growth of novel reading grew rapidly towards the end of the year 1750. The main reason for the growth of novel readers was the rapid growth of the source of book materials such as book seller, public library and lending library. An average person was able to obtain their reading materials from booksellers, public libraries as well through lending libraries which were a cheaper option since they were able to rent the books for a small fee. Due to the vast number of readers between the year 1773 and 1798 the number of book trading companies as well as the number of public libraries grew rapidly at faster rate than the increasing population. While the population doubled in the period of 1790’s, the numbers of the circulating libraries were tripled. So in the late 18th century, the circulation libraries played a huge influence placing reading interest among the American public. Social libraries were able to expand their firms by joining the book selling companies and they were able to purchase and loan the books for a lower rate. By the year of 1790, books were the main source of entertainment, information and literature for an average person. According to the catalogues of the sellers, the percentage of fiction readers increased by nine percent between 1754 to 1765 and increased to thirteen percent between 1791 to 1800. Circulating Library catalogues contained fifty-eight percent fiction by the year of 1800 which was higher compared (twenty-eight percent) to the early 18th century. Though the books were little expensive at that period, the people were able to join in the circulating libraries for lower rate which is another proof that people were encouraged to read during this century. During the late 18th century, the book sellers showed interest requesting novels from their suppliers. As an example Robert Ben Winans (1975) states that â€Å"In 1801, a bookseller in North Carolina wrote to his supplier requesting that â€Å"Mr. Carey will be so obliging as to send as many of the Novels as he procure; it will be mutually our interest to keep a good collection, as the good folks her love light reading†. This letter accompanied an order called a -typical order of the period about 1800, which listed sixty-three books every one of them a novel†. (â€Å"The Growth of a Novel-Reading Public in Late-Eighteenth-Century America. Early American Literature. Vol. 9. No. 3 (Winter, 1975): 267-275. Print). This is a proof that tells the novels were read by rapidly growing people in the late 18th century. This period is described as Novel reading age. I strongly believe that books today have been replaced by other forms of mass communication such as Media, newspape r and magazine, Web. Though there were so many significant political, economic developments redesigned the new world, the dramatic and unprecedented centralization of the countries and their expansion, regulations and professionalization of the state forces are still appreciable. Every time a new invention strikes in mass communications, obviously the books had to compete with that invention. The first American newspaper called â€Å"Publick Occurrences, Both Foreign and Domestick† published in early 18th century. During the early 18th century, the weekly Newspapers acted as the means of carrying of intercolonial news and also the newspapers carried war news at that period . So people were interested in reading newspapers than Books at that period. Then the industrial era started from the nineteenth century initially with the telegraph applications. The first African-American newspaper was published in 1827 called the Freedom’s Journal. Also this has been followed by the inventions such as magazines, telegraph, printers, phonograph, postal discounted rates, photographic films and radio were in particular. So the century that belongs to the industrial revolution start for the mass media that affected the books and readers. Since the radio, television and movie inventions in the early 1900s, the information had started passing through voice than text form. People started feeling that listening to audio is more comfortable than reading. In 1980, first online newspaper was published on web . From time moves on, the physical form of book transformed in intangible form of text due the new inventions in this world. During the late 1980s, Information has transformed to digitalized manner and the revolution of Computer started striking the world. People believed that physically storing information was not safe, so they started storing information in digital code. In 1985, Voyagar Company stored books in CD-ROM which was the first step to the era of eBook. From then onwards, the learning has come to digital manner. Then the biggest bang to the book sales was the invention of the World Wide Web in the year of 1991. Then the first online blog was published in the year of 1997. Due to high volume of readers, authors showed an interest in writing online blogs. Convergence of Media (Video and Audio) introduced in the later 1990s. For example:-We can see presidential debates live on YouTube. So the information can be stored as Video or audio forms as well than the text form. Google has announced the Google Library Project which is digitalization of books in 2005. Nowadays libraries are playing an important role in preserving the books for the next generation. It is self-evident that physically books can’t long last because of the material and size. It is good in a way that if we store information in digital code it can long last than physically storing in a book. This generation people show interest in reading/learning, just the sales of the eBooks readers, pdf readers are the proofs. If we look into Amazon. com, we can see tons of EBooks and they also sell books as well. If we want, we can download the eBook instantly or else we have to wait till they ship it. Though the form of text (book) has changed due to new inventions, but the rate of readers has increased in the world. Earlier we had only text form but now we do have text, audio and video form as well. Nowadays people look for a better ways. I would say storing an eBook is far more convenient than carrying a book (physical book). Though the new innovation impacted the sales of the books (physical form), it’s good for the next generation to preserve the valuable information.

Analysis of the Rocking Horse Winner Essay

A literary analysis of ‘The Rocking Horse Winner’ by D H Lawrence cannot fail to mention the strong metaphor of the toy rocking horse itself. Other strong metaphors include the race horses and the idea of gambling in general.. The image of a boy rocking himself to illness and death on a toy horse suggests a powerful and upsetting metaphor for a child’s burning ambition and distress, and to understand the metaphor we must look more closely at the story itself. In â€Å"The Rocking-Horse Winner,† short story by D H Lawrence, a child gets the feeling that circumstances in his family are deteriorating financially and feels utterly powerless to improve the situation. He sees the bitterness of his mother’s discontent and tries to improve her lot, although she seems to pay him little regard. All her attention seems concentrated on a husband who, despite his efforts, can never provide enough for her insatiable appetite for material things. Horses in general, gambling on their races and in particular, the rocking horse itself become metaphors for the child’s ambition, and the driven quality of his determination to succeed – at all costs. The child, Paul, decides that there will never be means to support his family unless he assumes some sort of control himself. Paul decides to resolve the financial crisis through luck, chance, fate and gambling on horses. He thinks that he can divine winning horses in races by riding his own toy rocking horse. The horse metaphors suggest the themes of ambition in life turning to a blinkered disregard for the costs and consequences in a narrow given area, a drive bordering on obsession. Either by luck or by judgement, Paul actually starts to win money and hopes it will make his mother happy. What he doesn’t realise is that she is the sort of person whose appetite will simply grow and whose discontent is of her own making. The need for money just balloons out of control and family members start to put pressure on him. The strain of duty, loyalty, responsibility, guilt, repression and denial of affection and reward becomes so unbearable that he rides his rocking horse so madly that he gets sick and collapses as his chosen horse is about to win a famous race. D H Lawrence’s own relationship with his mother – one of love, but also of control – is relevant to the story too. In his drive to succeed, Paul echoes the need of the young Lawrence to please his own mother – and of course, highlights another form of ambition, that of her hopes and dreams for a gifted young son in avoiding the pit life and aiming for something arguably higher and more academic. The horse metaphor it seems, has deep roots in Lawrence’s own childhood.